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Lizards (suborder Lacertilia) are a widespread group of scaly reptiles with over 6,000 species varying on most oceanic island chains as well as on all continents except Antarctica. The group is paraphyletic in that it excludes snakes and Amphisbaenia; some lizards are more closely related to these two excluded groups than other lizards. Lizards range in size from chameleons and lizards a few centimeters long to the 3-meter long Komodo dragon.

Most lizards are quadrupedal and run with a robust side-to-side motion. Some lineages (known as "legless lizards") have secondarily lost their legs and have long snake-like bodies. Some, such as the jungle-dwelling Draco lizards, can glide. They are often territorial. Males fight with other males and signal to lure mates and intimidate rivals, often in bright colors. Lizards are primarily carnivores, often sit-and-wait predators; While many small species eat insects, the Komodo eats mammals as large as buffalo.

Lizards benefit from adaptations to a variety of predators, including venom, camouflage, reflex bleeding, and sacrificial and regrowth of their tails.

The adult length of species in the suborder ranges from a few centimeters for chameleons such as Brookesia Micra and lizards such as Sphaerodactylus arise to about 3 meters (10 ft) in the most significant living varanid lizard, the Komodo dragon. Most lizards are relatively small animals.

Although some are legless, lizards typically have rounded bodies, high heads on short necks, four limbs, and long tails. Lizards and snakes share a movable quadrate bone, which distinguishes them from rhynchocephalians, which have more intricate diapsid skulls. Some lizards, such as chameleons, have prehensile tails that help them climb through vegetation.

Like other reptiles, the skin of lizards is covered with overlapping scales made of keratin. This provides protection from the environment and reduces water loss through evaporation. This adaptation allows lizards to thrive in some of the driest deserts in the world. The skin is hard and leathery, and sheds as the animal grows. Unlike snakes, which shed their skin in one piece, lizards split their skin into several parts. Scales can be turned into spines for display or protection, and some species have bony osteoderms beneath the scales.

The earliest known fossil remains of a lizard belong to the Tikiguania Estesi iguana species found in the Tiki Formation of India, dated to the Carnian phase of the Triassic period, about 220 million years ago.[10] However, doubts have been raised about Tikiguania's age, as it is nearly indistinguishable from modern agamid lizards. The Tikiguania remains may instead be of late Tertiary or Quaternary period, having been washed away by much older Triassic sediments.

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