Singapore - Constitution

Singapore - Constitution

The Constitution of the Republic of Singapore is the supreme law of Singapore. A written constitution, the text which took effect on 9 August 1965 is derived from the Constitution of the State of Singapore 1963, provisions of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia made applicable to Singapore by the Republic of Singapore Independence Act 1965 (No. 9 of 1965, 1985 Rev. Ed.), and the Republic of Singapore Independence Act itself. The text of the Constitution is one of the legally binding sources of constitutional law in Singapore, the others being judicial interpretations of the Constitution, and certain other statutes. Non-binding sources are influences on constitutional law such as soft law, constitutional conventions, and public international law.

I. Preliminary

II. The Republic and the Constitution

III. Protection of the sovereignty of the Republic of Singapore

IV. Fundamental liberties

Article 9: rights to life and personal liberty

Article 10: prohibition of slavery and forced labour

Article 11: protection against retrospective criminal laws and repeated trials

Article 12: rights to equality and equal protection

Article 13: prohibition of banishment and right to freedom of movement

Article 14: rights to freedom of speech, assembly and association

Article 15: right to freedom of religion

Article 16: right to equality in education

V. The Government

VI. The Legislature

VII. The Presidential Council for Minority Rights

VIII. The Judiciary

IX. The Public Service

X. Citizenship

XI. Financial provisions

XII. Special powers against subversion and emergency powers

XIII. General provisions

XIV. Transitional provisions