Sejarah Indonesia

The discussion that will stick in the head and national spirit will increase.

Indonesia's history includes a very long period of time that began since prehistoric times based on the discovery of "Java Man" which was 1.7 million years ago. The period of Indonesian history can be divided into five eras: the Prakolonial Era, the emergence of Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic kingdoms in Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan, which mainly relied on trade; Colonial Era, the influx of Europeans (mainly Dutch, Portuguese, and Spanish) who wanted spices resulted in colonialism by the Dutch for about 3.5 centuries between the beginning of the 17th century until the mid-20th century; Early Independence Era, post-Proclamation of Indonesian Independence (1945) until the fall of Sukarno (1966); New Order Era, 32 years of Soeharto's reign (1966-1998); and the Reform Order which has continued until now.

Geologically, the territory of modern Indonesia (for convenience, hereinafter referred to as the Archipelago) is a meeting between three main continental plates: the Eurasian Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, and the Pacific Plate (see Indonesian Geology article). The Indonesian archipelago as it is currently formed during the melting of ice after the end of the Ice Age, around 10,000 years ago.

During the Pleistocene, when it was still connected with Mainland Asia, the first settlers entered. The first evidence that shows the early inhabitants were Homo erectus fossils of Javanese humans from the period of 2 million to 500,000 years ago. The discovery of the remains of "Flores man" (Homo floresiensis) in Liang Bua, Flores, opened up the possibility of the survival of H. erectus until the last Ice Age.

The first Homo sapiens is estimated to have entered the archipelago since 100,000 years ago passing the Asian coast line from West Asia, and around 60 000 to 70 000 years ago had reached the islands of Papua and Australia. They, which have dark skin type and tight curly hair, are the ancestors of the Melanesian natives (including Papua) now and carry oval ax culture (Paleolitikum). A wave of Austronesian-speaking migrants with Neolithic culture came in waves since 3000 BC from South China through Formosa and the Philippines carrying a culture of square pickaxes (Dongson culture). This migration process is part of the Pacific occupation. The arrival of the Mongoloid wave of residents tends to the west, pushing the initial population to the east or intermarry with the local population and is a physical characteristic of the people of Maluku and Nusa Tenggara. These migrants brought along agricultural techniques, including rice farming in the fields (evidence no later than the 8th century BC), raising buffalo, processing bronze and iron, weaving techniques, megalithic practices, and worship of spirits ( animism) and sacred objects (dynamism). In the first century BC settlements and small kingdoms were formed, and it is possible that the influence of trust from India had come from trade relations.