Python 3.7 Documentation

Python 3.7 Documentation

Table of Content

What's new in Python 3.7?

1. Whetting Your Appetite

2. Using the Python Interpreter

3. An Informal Introduction to Python

4. More Control Flow Tools

5. Data Structures

6. Modules

7. Input and Output

8. Errors and Exceptions

9. Classes

10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library

11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II

12. Virtual Environments and Packages

13. What Now?

14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution

15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations

16. Appendix

Installing Python Modules

Distributing Python Modules

1. Introduction

2. Lexical analysis

3. Data model

4. Execution model

5. The import system

6. Expressions

7. Simple statements

8. Compound statements

9. Top-level components

10. Full Grammar specification

1. Command line and environment

2. Using Python on Unix platforms

3. Using Python on Windows

4. Using Python on a Macintosh

Porting Python 2 Code to Python 3

Porting Extension Modules to Python 3

Curses Programming with Python

Descriptor HowTo Guide

Functional Programming HOWTO

Logging HOWTO

Logging Cookbook

Regular Expression HOWTO

Socket Programming HOWTO

Sorting HOW TO

Unicode HOWTO

HOWTO Fetch Internet Resources Using The urllib Package

Argparse Tutorial

An introduction to the ipaddress module

Argument Clinic How-To

Instrumenting CPython with DTrace and SystemTap

General Python FAQ

Programming FAQ

Design and History FAQ

Library and Extension FAQ

Extending/Embedding FAQ

Python on Windows FAQ

Graphic User Interface FAQ

“Why is Python Installed on my Computer?” FAQ

Introduction

Built-in Functions

Built-in Constants

Built-in Types

Built-in Exceptions

Text Processing Services

string

re

difflib

textwrap

unicodedata

stringprep

readline

rlcompleter

Binary Data Services

struct

codecs

Data Types

datetime

calendar

collections

collections.abc

heapq

bisect

array

weakref

types

copy

pprint

reprlib

enum

Numeric and Mathematical Modules

numbers

math

cmath

decimal

fractions

random

statistics

Functional Programming Modules

itertools

functools

operator

File and Directory Access

pathlib

os.path

fileinput

stat

filecmp

tempfile

glob

fnmatch

linecache

shutil

macpath

Data Persistence

pickle

copyreg

shelve

marshal

dbm

sqlite3

Data Compression and Archiving

zlib

gzip

bz2

lzma

zipfile

tarfile

File Formats

csv

configparser

netrc

xdrlib

plistlib

Cryptographic Services

hashlib

hmac

secrets

Generic Operating System Services

os

io

time

argparse

getopt

logging

logging.config

logging.handlers

getpass

curses

curses.ascii

curses.panel

platform

errno

ctypes

Concurrent Execution

threading

multiprocessing

The concurrent package

concurrent.futures

subprocess

sched

queue

_thread

_dummy_thread

dummy_threading

contextvars

Networking and Interprocess Communication

asyncio

socket

ssl

select

selectors

asyncore

asynchat

signal

mmap

Internet Data Handling

email

json

mailcap

mailbox

mimetypes

base64

binhex

binascii

quopri

uu

Structured Markup Processing Tools

html

html.parser

html.entities

XML Processing Modules

xml.etree.ElementTree

xml.dom

xml.dom.minidom

xml.dom.pulldom

xml.sax

xml.sax.handler

xml.sax.saxutils

xml.sax.xmlreader

xml.parsers.expat

Internet Protocols and Support

webbrowser

cgi

cgitb

wsgiref

urllib

urllib.request

urllib.parse

urllib.error

urllib.robotparser

http

http.client

ftplib

poplib

imaplib

nntplib

smtplib

smtpd

telnetlib

uuid

socketserver

http.server

http.cookies

http.cookiejar

xmlrpc

xmlrpc.client

xmlrpc.server

ipaddress

Multimedia Services

audioop

aifc

sunau

wave

chunk

colorsys

imghdr

sndhdr

ossaudiodev

Internationalization

gettext

locale

Program Frameworks

turtle

cmd

shlex

Graphical User Interfaces with Tk

tkinter

tkinter.ttk

tkinter.tix

tkinter.scrolledtext

IDLE

Other Graphical User Interface Packages

Development Tools

typing

pydoc

doctest

unittest

unittest.mock

unittest.mock

2to3 - Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation

test

Debugging and Profiling

bdb

faulthandler

pdb

The Python Profilers

timeit

trace

tracemalloc

Software Packaging and Distribution

... more