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About History of Denmark

Danmarks historie (Dansk)

(English)

The history of Denmark as a unified kingdom began in the 8th century, but historic documents describe the geographic area and the people living there—the Danes—as early as 500 AD. These early documents include the writings of Jordanes and Procopius. With the Christianization of the Danes c. 960 AD, it is clear that there existed a kingship. Queen Margrethe II can trace her lineage back to the Viking kings Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth from this time, thus making the Monarchy of Denmark the oldest in Europe. The area now known as Denmark has a rich prehistory, having been populated by several prehistoric cultures and people for about 12,000 years, since the end of the last ice age.

Denmark's history has particularly been influenced by its geographical location between the North and Baltic seas, a strategically and economically important placement between Sweden and Germany, at the center of mutual struggles for control of the Baltic Sea (dominium maris baltici). Denmark was long in disputes with Sweden over control of Skånelandene and with Germany over control of Schleswig (a Danish fief) and Holstein (a German fief).

Eventually, Denmark lost these conflicts and ended up ceding first Skåneland to Sweden and later Schleswig-Holstein to the German Empire. After the eventual cession of Norway in 1814, Denmark retained control of the old Norwegian colonies of the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Iceland. During the 20th century, Iceland gained independence, Greenland and the Faroese became integral parts of the Kingdom of Denmark and North Schleswig reunited with Denmark in 1920 after a referendum. During World War II, Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany, but was eventually liberated by British forces of the Allies in 1945, after which it joined the United Nations. In the aftermath of World War II, and with the emergence of the subsequent Cold War, Denmark was quick to join the military alliance of NATO as a founding member in 1949.

Danmarks historie (Dansk)

Danmarks arkæologiske historie begyndte ved slutningen af sidste istid. De seneste 12.000 år har det område, der i dag kendes som Danmark, været beboet af mennesker. Den egentlige historiske periode begyndte omkring 500 e.Kr., da folket danerne fremkom i skriftlige kilder (Jordanes og Procopius). Fra kristningen af danerne omkring år 960 eksisterede en kongemagt i Skandinavien, som omtrent beherskede det nuværende danske område: Portugal og det danske kongehus danner Europas ældste ubrudte regentlinje. Dronning Margrethe 2. kan føre sin slægt tilbage til den oldenborgske slægt i det femtende århundrede, og derfra kan en række danske anelinjer føres tilbage til første halvdel af 900-tallet.

Danmarks historie har været påvirket af placeringen mellem Nordsøen og Østersøen: Danmark lå mellem Sverige og Tyskland og kæmpede med dem om overherredømmet i Østersøen. Med Sverige kæmpede Danmark længe om herredømmet over Skåne og Norge, og med Hanseforbundet, tyske fyrster og hertuger i lang tid om hertugdømmerne Slesvig (dansk len) og Holsten (tysk len). Desuden har Danmark i de sidste tusinde år ofte været i konflikt med Sverige og de tyske og gottorpske fyrster om deres landområder. Konflikter, som endte med afgivelsen af Skåne, Halland og Blekinge og Norge til Sverige og med afståelsen af Slesvig og Holsten til tyske stater. Ved afståelsen af Norge i 1814 beholdt Danmark de norske provinser Færøerne, Grønland og Island. Nordslesvig kom tilbage efter en folkeafstemning ved genforeningen i 1920, mens Island erklærede sig fri af personalunionen med Danmark i 1944.

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Last updated on Oct 28, 2023

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