Physics - The science that studies the fundamental laws of the material world.

The term "physics" first appeared in the writings of one of the greatest thinkers of antiquity - Aristotle, who lived in the IV century BC. Originally, the term "physics" and "philosophy" were synonymous, because the basis of both disciplines began as an effort to explain the operation of the laws of the universe. However, as a result of the scientific revolution of the XVI century physics was allocated in a separate scientific field.

In the Russian language the word "physics" was introduced by MV Lomonosov, published the first Russian textbook of physics - a translation from the German language textbook "Wolffian Experimental Physics" H. Wolf (1746). The first original physics textbooks in Russian became the course "Brief Outline of Physics" (1810), written by PI Insurance.

In today's world of physics is extremely great value. All that is different than the modern society from the society of the past centuries, appeared as a result of the application in practice of physical discoveries. For example, research in the field of electromagnetism led to the development of telephones and later mobile phones, opening in thermodynamics helped to create the car electronics development has led to the advent of computers.

The physical understanding of the processes occurring in nature, is constantly evolving. Most of the new discoveries will soon get used in engineering and industry. However, new research is constantly raise new puzzles and discover the phenomena to explain that require new physical theory. Despite the huge amount of accumulated knowledge, modern physics is still very far from being able to explain all natural phenomena.

General scientific foundations of physical methods developed in the theory of knowledge and methodology of science.

Physics - the science of nature (natural science) in the general sense (part of natural history). The subject of her study is the matter (in the form of substances and fields) and the most common forms of its motion, and the fundamental interactions of nature that govern the motion of matter.

Some patterns are common to all material systems, such as saving energy - they are called the laws of physics. Physics is sometimes called the "fundamental science", because the other natural sciences (biology, geology, chemistry, etc.) Only describe a certain class of material systems that obey the laws of physics. For example, the chemistry studies atoms derived from these substances and the conversion of one substance into another. The chemical properties of the substance as uniquely determined by the physical properties of atoms and molecules, described in such fields of physics as thermodynamics, electromagnetism and quantum physics.

Physics is closely related to Mathematics: Mathematics provides the unit by which the laws of physics can be precisely formulated. Physical theories are almost always formulated in the form of mathematical expressions, with using more sophisticated branches of mathematics, than usual in other sciences. Conversely, the development of many areas of mathematics was stimulated by the needs of physical theories.