Общая химия. Теория

General chemistry: the basics of chemical thermodynamics and kinetics. Theoretical basis

General chemistry studies the most general laws and concepts of chemistry, including periodic law, the basic laws of chemical processes, the theory of chemical bonding, the theory of solutions, IAD, etc.

Theoretical fundamentals of general chemistry:

- Basic concepts of chemistry

- The main provisions of the atomic-molecular theory

- Relative atomic mass

- Molecular mass and Molar mass

- Atomic mass

- The law of constancy

- Energy level and sublevel

- Pauli principle

- Characteristic of 4 quantum numbers

- Rule of Gund

- Electronic configuration

- Ionization energy

- Electronic configuration of the atom

- Types of chemical bonds

- Valence

- oxidation state

- Crystalline and amorphous substances. Their difference

- melting point of substances

- Solutions

- Dispersing

- The structure of colloidal particles

- True solutions

- Concentration

- The rate of chemical reactions

- Chemical equilibrium

- Catalysts

- The principle of Le Chatelier

- Exothermic reactions

- Examples of exothermic and endothermic reactions

- Electrolytic dissociation

- Key indicators

- Comparative characteristics of basic and acid oxides

- Hydrolysis of salts

- Submission of salt hydrolysis to the principle of Le Chatelier

- Redox Reactions

- The most important reducing agents and their properties

- The most important oxidants and their properties

- The basic principles of a series of voltage metals

- Standard electrode potentials

- non-metals. Hydrogen

- Oxygen and hydrogen compounds of non-metals on the periodic system

- Change in electronegativity of non-metals in the periodic system

- VII group of elements. Main subgroup, halogens. Chlorine and its compounds

- Changes in the redox properties of halogens

- Properties of hydrochloric acid from the standpoint of ionic reactions and the theory of oxidation-reduction

- VI group of elements. Main subgroup. Oxygen, sulfur and their compounds

- Electronic configurations of atoms

- Biological significance of oxygen and its compounds

- The biological value of sulfur and its compounds

- V group of elements. Main subgroup

- Electronic structure, chemical properties, method of detection

- IV group of elements. Main subgroup. Carbon, silicon and their compounds

- Metals and their compounds

- Gypsum

- Aluminum

- The similarity and difference of the properties of the elements of the main and secondary subgroups of group I

- Copper properties

- Ability of copper (II) compounds